[199], During the siege of Misrata in May 2011, Amnesty International reported "horrifying" tactics such as "indiscriminate attacks that have led to massive civilian casualties, including use of heavy artillery, rockets and cluster bombs in civilian areas and sniper fire against residents. We Are Free, "Qaddafi's Grip Falters as His Forces Take On Protesters", "Libyan rebels let Russian journalists go — RT News", "Rebel Leaders in Libya's Misrata Curb Press Freedoms as Casualties Mount", "BBC Crew Beaten and Given Mock Executions", "Killing of Al Jazeera Journalist Condemned", Freed journalists await word on missing driver, reflect on Libyan captivity, "Mohammad Nabbous, face of citizen journalism in Libya, is killed", "Ultranationalist Serbs Organize Pro-Qaddafi Campaign", "Reporting from Libya – Close your window", "No freedom for foreign press at Tripoli's Rixos hotel", "Muammar Gaddafi Using Civilians To Protect Key Sites", "Libyan Rebels Battle Qaddafi's Forces for Control of Cities", "Text of Leader's Speech to Misrata Tribes in Tripoli and its Suburbs 4th Addendum", "Libya's Prosecutor General Says Joins Opposition", "Libya's Ambassadors to India, Arab League Resign in Protest Against Government", "Libyan Ambassador to Belgium, Head of Mission to EU Resigns", "Libyan Ambassador Denounces Gadhafi At U.N", "Libyan embassy cuts ties with Gaddafi, as Australia considers evacuations", "Libyan Ambassadors in France Back Revolt", "Libyan Ambassador to Portugal Quits in Protest", "Ambassaden hissar Libyens frihetsflagga", "Libya's US Ambassador Resigns from 'Dictatorship, In a New Libya, Ex-Loyalists Race to Shed Ties to Qaddafi, "Two Libyan Fighter Pilots Defect, Fly to Malta", "Qaddafi's Hold on Libya Weakens in Protest Wave", "Libya's Crown Prince Says Protesters Will Defy 'Brutal Forces, "Libya's 'Exiled Prince' Urges World Action", "Libyan Crown Prince Urges No-Fly Zone, Air Strikes", "Libyan Crown Prince Speaks to EU Parliament", "Libia, principe Idris: "Gheddafi assecondi popolo o il Paese finirà in fiamme, "Who Is Moammer Gadhafi? These acts can be characterized as crimes against humanity, as defined in Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. [196] In Tripoli, "death squads" of mercenaries and Revolutionary Committees members reportedly patrolled the streets and shot people who tried to take the dead off the streets or gather in groups. From 1969 until 1975 standards of living, life expectancy and literacy grew rapidly. [331] Abdul Jalil, the chairman of NTC, warned Libyans that the country could descend into another civil war if they resort to force to settle their differences. La guerre de Libye (2011) publié le 3 septembre 2014. Because they were against them. They were soon nicknamed the Libyan Revolution of Dignity by the protesters and foreign media. [134][135][136][137][138] A social media website declared an alternative government, one that would be an interim national council, was the first to compete with Muammar Gaddafi's political authority. The conflict grew as thousands of people joined the protests. Middle East/North Africa Report N°107", "Libye: de nouveaux morts lors d'une opération des forces libyennes", "Libyan demonstrators Say They'll Soldier on Despite Violent Crackdown", "Hip-hop is a soundtrack to the North African revolt", "Ibn Thabit: The Beat Behind Libya's Revolution", "In Eastern Libya, Defectors and Volunteers Build Rebel Army", "Pizza delivery service caters to Libya's front-line rebels", "World raises pressure on Libya, battles for key towns", "Why Won't You Help, Libyan Rebels Ask West", "As Tide Turns, Rebels' Dream Of 'Free Libya' Dims", "Libya After Qaddafi: Lessons and Implications for the Future", "The Most Troubling Reports About the Libyan Rebels", "Islamist Militia 'Shot Libya Rebel Abdel Fattah Younes, "Upbeat Gaddafi Fires Trademark Blast at West and Qaeda", "Libya: al-Qaeda Among Libya Rebels, Nato Chief Fears", "Halt To Rebel Advance Creates Libyan Divide", "Libya rebels: Gaddafi could be right about al-Qaeda", "WikiLeaks: Guantanamo detainee is now Libyan rebel leader", "Gaddafi Says Protesters Are on Hallucinogenic Drugs", "Yemen Blames Israel and US; Qaddafi Accuses US – and al-Qaeda", "Three Scenarios for End of Gaddafi: Psychologist", "Gaddafi Warns of al-Qaeda Spread 'Up to Israel, "Gaddafi addresses Benghazi residents – Africa", "The Tyrant of Belarus: Gaddafi's Friend Far, Far to the North? No banks. [64] In early March, Gaddafi's forces rallied, pushed eastwards and re-took several coastal cities before reaching Benghazi. Protesters also clashed with police in Bayda and attacked government offices. By contrast, regular military units were poorly armed and trained, and were armed with largely outdated military equipment. Voters Back Obama's Decision To Establish No-Fly Zone in Libya", "Qatar, several EU states up for Libya action: diplomat", "Paris Summit Talks To Launch Military Action in Libya", "Libya: President Obama Gives Gaddafi Ultimatum", "Libya: RAF Jets Join Attack on Air Defence Systems", "Deal Puts NATO at Head of Libyan Operation", "Libya No-Fly Zone Leadership Squabbles Continue Within Nato", "Phoenix:Russia government recognized The NTC of Libya as a legitimate dialogue partner", "Rebels dismiss election offer, NATO pounds Tripoli", "Gaddafi's son: Libya like McDonald's for NATO – fast war as fast food", "Gaddafi's rule crumbling as rebels enter heart of Tripoli", "Libyan rebel forces penetrate Qaddafi's compound", "Rebels Hunt Qaddafi; Journalists in Hotel Are Free", "Libya: Gaddafi son spotted in Bani Walid as heavy fighting continues", "Libyan rebels discover Gaddafi's chemical weapons", "Gaddafi determined to avoid Saddam Hussein's fate", "Ferocious fighting in Sirte as NTC tightens grip – Channel 4 News", "Gaddafi loyalists stranded as battle for Sirte rages", "Sina:Russia government recognized The NTC of Libya as the only Legal regime in Libya", "China denies report, says it did not sell weapons to Libya", "China Sought to Sell Arms to Qaddafi, Documents Suggest", "Libyans say China, Europe sent arms to Gaddafi", "spokeswoman of Chinese Foreign Ministry-Ma Chaoxu said China recognized The NTC of Libya as the only Legal regime in Libya", "Sohu:The Libyan NTC said it will be a very hardship environment to a China, Russia or India oil company to acquired a new exploration contract", "Fresh clashes in Libya's Bani Walid; U.N. says 7,000 held in militia prisons", "Abdul Jalil appoints head of Libyan armed forces, warns of civil war", "Deadly clash of militias in Libyan capital Tripoli", "Will new army chief end the bloodshed in Libya? The allegations surfaced in an Al Jazeera report the previous month from Libya-based doctors, who claimed to have found Viagra in the pockets of government soldiers. [215] His brother Ismail al-Salabi, leader of the Islamist "February 17 Katiba" rebel faction, was believed to be financially backed from Qatar. Oprøret i Libyen i 2011 eller borgerkrigen i Libyen begyndte med en række uroligheder og demonstrationer, som brød ud den 15. februar 2011, rettet mod Muammar al-Gaddafis regime i Libyen.Oprøret var sandsynligvis inspireret af og sås som en del af oprøret i den arabiske verden i 2011, særligt oprørene i nabolandene Egypten og Tunesien.. Det libyske regime havde indledningsvis … "[106] Gaddafi urged a sweeping reform of the government bureaucracy, suggesting that most of the cabinet system should be dismantled to "free Libyans from red tape" and "protect the state's budget from corruption". By this time, over 300 to 2,000 were dead and over 5,000 were injured. [193], In the eastern city of Bayda, anti-government forces hanged two policemen who were involved in trying to disperse demonstrations. … [255] The Jamahiriya News Agency reported on a speech delivered by Leader Gaddafi to Misrata tribes in Tripoli, in which he said that the rebels "used children and women as human shields. [154] Music provided an important platform for communication among demonstrators. He concluded, "What we saw in Tahrir Square, and in Tunisia, was a clear situation. [74] Eight NTC fighters were killed and at least 25 wounded, with the rest fleeing the city. However, some of Gaddafi's soldiers began joining the rebels in protest. [315] On 22 September, the NTC captured the southern city of Sabha, and claimed to have found a large cache of chemical weapons. No money. A subsidiary of Bull developed a software called Eagle which enabled Gaddafi to monitor internet traffic and which was implemented in Libya in 2008 and with better performance in 2010. Howard, P. N., & Hussain, M. M. (2011). Oil Minister Shukri Ghanem and Foreign Minister Moussa Koussa fled Libya, with the latter defecting to the UK. Government forces responded by arresting and attacking peaceful demonstrators in Benghazi and other eastern cities. An attempt to unify the military command of the air campaign (while keeping political and strategic control with a small group), first failed due to objections by the French, German, and Turkish governments. A total of 1,650 cartons of fortified date bars (equivalent of 13.2 metric tons) had also been provided to supplement these meals. [360], The Sunday Telegraph reported on 11 September that almost the entire population of Tawergha, a town of about 10,000 people, had been forced to flee their homes by anti-Gaddafi fighters after their takeover of the settlement. [380] Since 24 March, the WFP supplied over 42,500 cooked meals for TCNs at the Saloum border. It erupted with the Libyan Revolution, also known as the 17 February Revolution. An estimated 2,100 people on both sides were missing. [248] Libyan citizen journalist Mohammed Nabbous was shot in the head by Gaddafi's soldiers soon after exposing the Gaddafi government's false reports related to the cease-fire declaration. Members of the Gaddafi family took flight to Algeria. The First Libyan Civil War was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and foreign supported groups seeking to oust his government. [184], The Swedish peace research institute SIPRI reported flights between Tripoli and a dedicated military base in Belarus which only handles stockpiled weaponry and military equipment. "[144], On the night of 16th of February in Beyida, Zawiya and Zintan, hundreds of protesters in each town calling for an end to the Gaddafi government set fire to police and security buildings. [382] The Tuareg and Magarha tribes announced their support of the protesters. They live in terror. [95] More than 16% of families had no members earning a stable income, and 43.3% had just one. [219] Gaddafi's former Chief of Protocol Nouri Al Mesmari said in an interview with the Al Jazeera that Nigerien, Malian, Chadian and Kenyan mercenaries were among foreign soldiers helping fight the uprising on behalf of Gaddafi. Injured protesters were either summarily executed or had their oxygen masks, IV drips, and wires connected to the monitors removed. [330], Fighting broke out on 3 January 2012, at a building used as intelligence headquarters by the Gaddafi government. With Eric Elmosnino, Mathilde Seigner, Fred Testot, Alain Chabat. [257] Libyan Prosecutor General Abdul-Rahman al-Abbar resigned from the post and joined the opposition.[258]. Responding to demands that he step down, he stated that he could not step down, as he held a purely symbolic position like Queen Elizabeth, and that the people were in power. [219] Video footage purporting to show this started to leak out of the country. It estimated that during the first few days of the conflict, 100 to 110 people were killed in Benghazi and 59 to 64 were killed in Bayda. [159], The National Transitional Council (Arabic: المجلس الوطني الانتقالي‎) was established on 27 February to consolidate efforts for change in the rule of Libya. [275] He also stated that he will support any form of government that Libya will choose after Gaddafi including a constitutional monarchy. Adopting resolution 1973 (2011) by a vote of 10 in favour to none against, with 5 abstentions (Brazil, China, ... Libya: United Nations Security Council proposed designations The government is ready to dialogue with them." The rebels won the battle and took control of the city. This lasted until 12 March. "[211], Military advisors from Qatar participated on the side of the rebels,[212] and were sometimes labelled as "mercenaries" by the media. The regime of Muammar al-Qaddafi, however, violently resisted the uprising, leading to civil war and international military intervention. Police responded to crowds with tear gas, water cannon, and rubber bullets. Muammar Gaddafi evaded capture until 20 October 2011, when he was captured and killed in Sirte.